Manuel Locatelli's 73rd-minute penalty proved decisive as Juventus sealed a top four finish, and Champions League soccer next term.
Daniel Fila gave the hosts an early lead, which was cancelled out midway through the first half by Kenan Yildiz. PSG loanee Kolo Muani put Juve ahead on 31 minutes. Ridgeciano Haps squared matters with his second half equalizer, before captain Locatelli dispatched his spot-kick.
Juve interim head coach Igor Tudor had to nervously watch as he earned his maiden away win since returning to the Turin titans in late March. The Croatian can now focus on the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup tournament that kicks off in under three weeks, and will fancy a shot at being appointed permanent manager this summer.
It was pure goalmouth action inside the opening five minutes at the Stadio Pier Luigi Penzo, with both teams finding the back of the net.
Crunch clash for both
With Venezia needing victory to potentially avoid relegation to Serie B, and Juventus requiring to match or better AS Roma's result at Torino to seal Champions League soccer, it was always going to a edgy contest.
Fila surprisingly broke the deadlock in the second minute, guiding Haps' pass into the bottom left corner to beat 'keeper Michele Di Gregorio.
Juve defender Alberto Costa then raced up the pitch and netted, only for his effort to be ruled out for handball following a VAR review.
With the visitors desperate to level matters, they pushed forward at every opportunity. A swift break resulted in Yildiz picking out Francisco Conceicao, only for the Portuguese winger to send his shot over the gaping goalmouth.
Turkish talent Yildiz showed team-mate Conceicao how to polish off a scoring opportunity, by finding the bottom right corner for an overdue equalizer on 25 minutes, and Muani soon added to their tally.
Saved by the post
Venezia soared down the other end with serious intent. From a corner they came perilously close through Hans Nicolussi Caviglia, but his long-range angled effort was denied by the left post.
Juve seemed to panic and were completely under the cosh after taking the lead. They stayed ahead courtesy of their quick-witted defense blocking ambitious shots from Issa Doumbia and Mikael Ellertsson.
The hosts came even closer to snatching a second goal, but John Yeboah's effort from outside the box narrowly missed the target just before the interval.
With AS Roma leading Torino 1-0 at half-time, Juve needed to dramatically improve their performance after the turnaround.
Despite pressure from Tudor's troops after the break, Yildiz forcing shotstopper Andrei Radu to make his first save on 47 minutes and second-half substitute Renato Veiga heading over Yildiz's corner, they buckled when Venezia attacked.
Haps made no mistake from the center of the box to steer his shot into the top left corner on 55 minutes, which severely threatened Juve's Champions League ambitions.
Although Venezia were seeking maximum points to potentially save their Serie A status, relegation rivals Lecce were leading 1-0 at Lazio, so even victory would not suffice.
Jolted into action
The hosts piled on the pressure regardless, and on 71 minutes Di Gregorio did well to save Doumbia's shot. This scare seemed to jolt Juventus into overdue action, as they stormed down the other end and abruptly won a penalty.
Nicolussi Caviglia needlessly fouled Conceicao, and Locatelli beat Radu by popping the ball into the top right corner to restore Juve's lead.
At the same time AS Roma had gone further ahead in Turin, which meant that Juventus could ill afford a slip-up if they wanted to be involved in Europe's elite competition next term.
Both teams made a double substitution with quarter-of-an-hour remaining, Weston McKennie replaced Andrea Cambiaso and Muani was hauled off with striker Dusan Vlahovic taking his place.
Yet it was Di Gregorio who finished as a hero in the closing stages by stopping Christian Gytkjær's header and Yeboah's stoppage time shot. His brilliance sent Venezia tumbling out of the top tier and helped Juventus secure Champions League soccer.